Most American cities have traffic congestion, and gasoline is expensive. People would drive less if the centers of cities were more developed, according to a 2010 analysis led by urban planner Reid Ewing of the University of Utah.

美国大多数城市的交通都很拥挤，汽油价格也贵。犹他大学城市规划设计师里德•尤因2010年所作的分析表明，如果市中心得到进一步发展，人们驾车的里程数会减少。

Reid Ewing: Almost any development at the center of a metropolitan area is better from a travel standpoint than having dense development on the fringe.

里德•尤因：与其集中发展城市周边地区，还不如发展城市中心区，这样更有利于改善城市交通。

Ewing’s team analyzed the results of 60 previous studies to confirm that the number of miles people travel in their own vehicles is strongly related to the accessibility of the places they want to go, like jobs, schools and grocery stores.

尤因的团队分析了此前的60个研究成果，得到的结论是：人们驾车的里程数和他们能否方便抵达工作、上学及购物的场所密切相关。

Reid Ewing: Planners had been advocating the D’s – density, diversity, design – but they weren’t able to say just how much difference it would make in people’s driving, walking and transit use. And that’s what we did.

里德•尤因：城市规划师提倡3D原则——密度(density),多样性(diversity)、合理的设计(design)。但他们也说不清楚该原则的实施对人们驾车、步行及交通利用等方面产生多大影响。我们所作的研究就是搞清楚这一点。

So accessibility of jobs, schools and stores – not just density of people – encourages less driving, according to the study. Ewing also said wide sidewalks and short blocks encourage people to go places on foot more often.

研究表明，如果人们能方便抵达上班、上学及购物的场所，就会少开车。尤因还说，扩宽人行横道、缩短街区距离等措施能促使人们选择步行的方式去想去的场所。

Reid Ewing: People will generally see a more livable urban environment, one where you want to be on foot, rather than one where you’re only comfortable being in your car.

里德•尤因：人们将体会到一种更舒适的城市生活环境，在这里，你更喜欢步行，而不是驾车。

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